Background. The long-term success of dental implant surgery depends, in part, on accurate planning and placement of implants. Different types of Digital planning systems were introduced to help the clinicians to achieve this aim. dynamic navigation system is a new technology abled to track a surgical tool relative to the patient structure, and dynamically display the position of the surgical tool within presurgical computed tomography scan, updated in real time. system allows for: localization of surgical targets and critical anatomical structures; orientation of a surgical tool within the patient’ s anatomy; and navigation of a surgical tool along a predefined surgical plan. This study aimed to review this special technology characteristics and mechanism. Methods. Appling following key words, most related articles were chosen in PubMed and google scholar between 2010 and 2018: “ guided implant surgery, dynamic surgical guidance, dynamic navigation implant, and Surgical navigation systems. Results. The literature shows highly significant improvement in drilling accuracy using surgical navigation compared to unguided manual implantation. dynamic navigation systems show an entry error of approximating 0. 4 mm and an angular deviation error of approximating 4 degrees. They reported Successful clinical applications for oral implant surgery in partially and fully edentulous patients, flapless approaches, and difficult anatomic situations. Conclusions. The ability to visualize the dental implant drills within a 3D view provides a major advantage in dental implant surgical technology and can help the clinicians to achieve long-term predictable success in dental implant surgery.

Background. Nowadays there are many ideas to achieve High success and reliable treatment surgeries for bothpartially and totally edentulous patient. The aim of this review to compare accuracy and advantages of computer guided navigation system vs conventional free hand method. Methods. This review has been done by searching in electronic data bases including PubMed and scopus with these key words” computer assisted surgery” , “ navigation implant surgery” , “ dynamic navigation implant” , “ static navigation implant” . Results. In navigation surgery for dental implants the two approaches; dynamic and static were introduced. The static navigation refers to use of surgical templates for the bone implant drilling. dynamic navigation is used to monitoring through a three_dimentional softwar of the bone drilling and implant placment following the preoperative plane, while the freehand implant placement requires no guided stents. Through computer guided surgery it possible to reduce deviation and differences between the preoprative CBCT images and measurements from final treatment outcome. Also, the CAS method is usefull in cases with complications like proximity of inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusions. A number of statistically singnificant were found in comprison. In computer assisted group indicate no implant fails, reduce of post surgical pain and swelling. And the mean marginal bone loss decreased.

Background. Recent computer-guided dynamic navigation systems promise an approach for minimally invasive implant surgery. Recently, in 2017 robot-assisted surgery has been used for dental surgery system. Therefore, we compared the navigation and computer-guided and we evaluate them in implants treatments, outcomes, clinical success, esthetics and accuracy. Methods. An electronic search of literature was mainly through PubMed and Google scholar. We found 142 articles and we choose 31 of them. Results. High level of inaccuracies are reported where these techniques were applied. However they are indicated for patient with a limited mouth opening, placement of the implant on the same day of the CBCT scan, in difficult-to-access location such as second molar, in tight interdental spaces when static guides cannot be used owing to tube size and when static guide tubes will interfere with ideal implant placement. Conclusions. Computer-aided dynamic implant navigation systems can improve implant surgical outcomes as satisfaction of patient and clinician however it depends on clinicians experience and it is a time and cost effective method.

Background and Aim: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) has been widely used in implant dentistry. Recent computer-guided dynamic navigation systems promise an accurate approach to minimally invasive implant placement. Robot-assisted surgery has been used in dentistry since 2017. The present study aims to review the properties, clinical outcomes, advantages, and limitations of navigation, robotics, and CAD/CAM in implant placement surgery. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the literature was conducted mainly through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Studies in the English language were considered for inclusion if they evaluated robotics, CAD/CAM, and navigation in implant placement. Finally, 21 articles were selected. Results: Guided implant surgery is assumed accurate, precise, and reliable,it also has a lower complication rate compared to freehanded implant surgery. Surgical guides could be indicated for patients with limited mouth opening, tight interdental spaces, a strong gag reflex, and distal implants. Several studies have reported that computerassisted surgery improves the accuracy of implant placement. Expensive equipment, high costs, and gaps between the guides and drill bite are the disadvantages of digital implant placement. Conclusion: Computer-aided implant navigation systems can improve implant placement outcomes. Digital procedures have shown accurate outcomes in implant surgery. Despite the advantages of guided surgery, deviation of implant position from the planned position still occurs. However, improvements in digital dentistry are slowly overcoming these challenges.

Flight dynamic equations have an effective role in aerospace technologies. It can be as cheap and efficient means for correcting errors in the spatial position and velocity in inertial navigation systems. The Inertial navigation system is an ideal solution for motion detection with high accuracy with fast dynamics, but the precise location and status of the system output can be significantly reduced over time. In this paper, inertial navigation system integrated with a navigation aided system based on online solving of flight dynamic equations. For this purpose, the proposed use of the Lagrangian of Kepler equations and three degrees of freedom of Newton's equations of transfer flights dynamic has been studied. Using this method, online high accuracy to be achieved by flight computer. Kalman filter algorithm is used for integrating inertial navigation and flight dynamic equations. Finally, The simulation results including position and velocity errors with regard to fly a prototype space module, for the proposed two conditions were compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the most important urban systems that its functionality affects other urban systems directly and indirectly. In developing societies, increasing the transportation system efficiency is an important concern, because variety of problems such as heavy traffic condition, rise of the accident rate and the reduced performance happen with the rise of population. Route finding and navigation are two effective tools to reduce the pressure on the transportation system. Better navigation methods can reduce the traffic concentration in specific areas. In most of the cases, transportation networks are changing through time and they don’ t have a static status. On the other hand, different users consider different objectives when they want to move through the transportation network. So, this paper proposed a novel method to solve dynamic navigation and route finding problem while considering different objectives. This new method is based on multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Experiments are designed in a simulated network and results are compared with static navigation in single-objective and multi-objective mode. Results indicated that the proposed method is performing very accurate in finding the optimal paths. Also the proposed method for dynamic navigation is performing better than the static navigation. It has improved the trip duration of the 80% of the altered routes and decreased the trip duration of some experiments up to 50%. These results indicate that the proposed method has the ability of solving multi-objective dynamic navigation in urban transportation systems in the presence of high rate traffic information.